ABOUT ORANGE COUNTY WHERE THE MAJORITY OF OUR CLIENTS ARE:

Orange County is a county in Southern California, United States. Its county seat is Santa Ana. According to the 2000 Census, its population was 2,846,289, making it the second most populous county in the state of California, and the fifth most populous in the United States. The state of California estimates its population as of 2007 to be 3,098,121 people, dropping its rank to third, behind San Diego County. Thirty-four incorporated cities are located in Orange County; the newest is Aliso Viejo.

Unlike many other large centers of population in the United States, Orange County uses its county name as its source of identification whereas other places in the country are identified by the large city that is closest to them. This is because there is no defined center to Orange County like there is in other areas which have one distinct large city. Five Orange County cities have populations exceeding 170,000 while no cities in the county have populations surpassing 360,000. Seven of these cities are among the 200 largest cities in the United States.

Orange County is also famous as a tourist destination, as the county is home to such attractions as Disneyland and Knott's Berry Farm, as well as sandy beaches for swimming and surfing, yacht harbors for sailing and pleasure boating, and extensive area devoted to parks and open space for golf, tennis, hiking, kayaking, cycling, skateboarding, and other outdoor recreation. It is at the center of Southern California's Tech Coast, with Irvine being the primary business hub.

The average price of a home in Orange County is $541,000. Orange County is the home of a vast number of major industries and service organizations. As an integral part of the second largest market in America, this highly diversified region has become a Mecca for talented individuals in virtually every field imaginable. Indeed the colorful pageant of human history continues to unfold here; for perhaps in no other place on earth is there an environment more conducive to innovative thinking, creativity and growth than this exciting, sun bathed valley stretching between the mountains and the sea in Orange County.

Orange County was Created March 11 1889, from part of Los Angeles County, and, according to tradition, so named because of the flourishing orange culture. Orange, however, was and is a commonplace name in the United States, used originally in honor of the Prince of Orange, son-in-law of King George II of England.

Incorporated: March 11, 1889 Legislative Districts: * Congressional: 38th-40th, 42nd & 43 * California Senate: 31st-33rd, 35th & 37 * California Assembly: 58th, 64th, 67th, 69th, 72nd & 74 County Seat: Santa Ana County Information: Robert E. Thomas Hall of Administration 10 Civic Center Plaza, 3rd Floor, Santa Ana 92701 Telephone: (714)834-2345 Fax: (714)834-3098 County Government Website: http://www.oc.ca.gov

Dental implants are designed to provide a foundation for replacement teeth that look, feel, and function like natural teeth. The person who has lost teeth regains the ability to eat virtually anything and can smile with confidence, knowing that teeth appear natural and that facial contours will be preserved. The implants themselves are tiny titanium posts that are placed into the jawbone where teeth are missing. The bone bonds with the titanium, creating a strong foundation for artificial teeth. In addition, implants can help preserve facial structure, preventing the bone deterioration that occurs when teeth are missing. 

Dental implants are changing the way people live!  With them, people are rediscovering the comfort and confidence to eat, speak, laugh and enjoy life.

How Dental Implants Work- Dental implants are metal anchors, which act as tooth root substitutes. They are surgically placed into the jawbone. Small posts are then attached to the implant, which protrude through the gums. These posts provide stable anchors for artificial replacement teeth.

For most patients, the placement of dental implants involves two surgical procedures. First, implants are placed within your jawbone. For the first three to six months following surgery, the implants are beneath the surface of the gums gradually bonding with the jawbone. You should be able to wear temporary dentures and eat a soft diet during this time. At the same time, your restorative dentist designs the final bridgework or denture, which will ultimately improve both function and aesthetics.

After the implant has bonded to the jawbone, the second phase begins. Your implant surgeon will uncover the implants and attach a small healing collar. Then your doctor will be able to begin making your new teeth. An impression must be taken. Then posts or attachments can be connected to the implants. The teeth replacements are then made over the posts or attachments. The entire procedure usually takes six to eight months. Most patients do not experience any disruption in their daily life.

There are various different implants on the market and each one has its advantages. Please find listed below some that we use:

New NobelActive™ - from Nobel Biocare implants is a 3rd generation implant design. A breakthrough implant design with revolutionary bone-condensing capability. NobelActive™ offers unique advantages and is clinically documented 98% success rate * potentially fewer drilling protocol steps, depending on bone density and quantity. * Minimal osteotomy with minor trauma to bone and surrounding tissues * extremely high stability in fresh extraction sites and sites with thin sinus floors * ability to change direction during surgery gives full flexibility for optimal placement * a narrow neck designed to preserve marginal bone * grooves on threads and scientifically proven TiUnite™ surface

Straumann product Reliable. Simple. Versatile. With more than 20 years of clinical research that have resulted in over 3,000 independent scientific publications, we offer the most extensively documented, clinically validated and practice-proven implant system in the market.ads and scientifically proven TiUnite™ surface Reliable * Implants designed for optimal tissue response * Reduced healing time * Morse taper connection for maximum stability Simple * A logical component structure * Procedures that are easy to learn * One surgical kit Versatile * Successful outcomes with any indication * Free choice of surgical procedure * A wide range of prosthetic options

BIOMENT 3i The Revolutionary NanoTite™ Implant – A Bone Bonding™ Surface. Preclinical Studies Demonstrate A Substantial Improvement On The Rate And Extent Of Osseointegration For The NanoTite Implant Versus The OSSEOTITE Implant Leading To Implant Stability 12 Synergy Of The OSSEOTITE® Surface And Discrete Crystalline Deposition Of Calcium Phosphate (CaP) – More Complex Topography And The Biologic Benefits Of Cap

BRANEMARK

Branemark The Revolutionary NanoTite™ Implant – A Bone Bonding™ Surface. Branemark adheres to the principles of Osseointegration, a term founded by Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark after his important breakthrough in the 1950s when he discovered that bone can integrate with titanium components. Professor Brånemark named his discovery from the Latin word os – which means bone, and integrate – which means make whole, which can also be expressed as interactive coexistence. We have developed bone grafting techniques that allow us to build bone where the original quantity is insufficient for fixture placement. But as grafting is a rather invasive procedure, we have also developed a technique for placing fixtures in the zygomatic cheek bone, which in many cases eliminates the need for grafting also in the severely resorbed maxilla. Another exciting development involves a procedure we call Brånemark Novum®. It eliminates the discomfort that can occur during a long healing period and the problems associated with a removable denture. Instead the fixtures are inserted in the morning and the final prosthesis is anchored in the afternoon. The patient can eat lighter food already at the end of the first treatment day. In addition, the new procedure costs significantly less than what is customary for restoring a completely edentulous mandible.

IMPLADENT

Impladent The Revolutionary Features of Bone Compaction by LaminOss® Taps - Bone compaction and minimal bone loss are achieved by the unique compound angles of the surgical taps that provide a simultaneous, progressive internal cutting edge, followed by the outer flat compressive surface area of the tap at the time of bone threading procedures. Impladent Ltd.develops, manufactures, and distributes a broad range of innovative synthetic bioactive resorbable bone products, osteocompressive immediate-load dental implants, chairside prosthetic modalities for immediate implant splinting and reconstruction, and a line of surgical motors and hand pieces. For over 17 years, Impladent Ltd. has been recognized as a leader in the innovation and development of synthetic resorbable bone grafts, osteocompressive immediate-load dental implants.

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What makes LUMINEERS® Porcelain Veneers different from other veneers?

LUMINEERS® BY CERINATE® are porcelain veneers that offer the painless way to a permanently whiter and perfectly aligned smile. Your LUMINEERS dentist can apply these contact lens-thin “smile shapers” to teeth without any grinding or shaving, transforming teeth into a naturally beautiful smile that looks perfect for every individual. LUMINEERS can even be placed over existing crown or bridgework without having to replace them.

LUMINEERS are contact lens-thin and are placed over existing teeth without having to remove painful tooth structure (unlike traditional veneers.) LUMINEERS is the painless, permanent cosmetic solution for stained, chipped, discolored or misaligned teeth.

LUMINEERS can only be made from patented Cerinate porcelain unavailable anywhere other than the Cerinate Smile Design Studio. In just 2-3 visits to your LUMINEERS dentist, you can have a custom-made smile that is clinically proven to last over 20 years - and it is completely reversible since your natural tooth structure is still intact! Get your perfect smile today!

Cosmetic dentistry is a discipline within dentistry in which the primary focus is the modification of appearance of a patient's oral cavity and surrounding structures, in conjunction with the prevention and treatment of organic, structural, or functional oral disease. Through cosmetic dentistry, the appearance of the mouth can be altered to more closely match the patient's subjective concept of what is visually pleasing.

Treatments
Today's common cosmetic dental treatment options include:

* Whitening, or "tooth bleaching", is the most commonly prescribed cosmetic dental procedure. While many whitening options are now available, dentist-supervised treatments remain the recommended procedures for lightening discolored teeth.

* Enamel shaping removes parts of the contouring enamel to improve the appearance of the tooth. It may be used to correct a very small chip. The removed enamel is irreplaceable, and may sometimes expose dentin. It is also known as enameloplasty, odontoplasty, recontouring, reshaping, slenderizing, and stripping.

* Bonding is an option for chipped or cracked teeth. It is a process in which an enamel-like dental composite material is applied to a tooth's surface, sculpted into shape, hardened, and then polished.

* Veneers, ultra-thin, custom-made laminates that are bonded directly to the teeth, are an increasingly popular procedure. They are an option for closing gaps or disguising discolored teeth that did not respond well to whitening procedures.

* Gum Lift, is a cosmetic dental procedure that raises and sculpts the gum line. The procedure involves reshaping the tissue and/or underlying bones to create the appearance of longer or more symmetrical teeth.

Materials

In the past, dental fillings and other tooth restorations were made of gold, amalgam and other metals -- some of which were veneered with porcelain. Now, dental work can be made entirely of porcelain or composite materials that more closely mimic the appearance of natural tooth structure. These tooth colored materials are bonded to the underlying tooth structure with resin adhesives. Unlike silver fillings (amalgams) they are entirely free of mercury. Many dentists offer procedures to be cosmetic and because their patients prefer natural looking teeth.

Dental Health: Cavities

Cavities occur as a result of tooth decay. Tooth decay is the destruction of tooth structure. Tooth decay can affect both the enamel (the outer coating of the tooth) and the dentin layer of the tooth.

Tooth decay occurs when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches) such as breads, cereals, milk, soda, fruits, cakes, or candy are left on the teeth. Bacteria that live in the mouth digest these foods, turning them into acids. The bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine to form plaque, which clings to the teeth. The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel surface of the teeth, creating holes in the teeth called cavities, or caries.

Who Gets Cavities?

Many people think cavities only affect children, but changes that occur with aging make cavities an adult problem too. Recession of the gums (a pulling away of gum tissue from the teeth), often associated with an increased incidence of gingivitis (gum disease), can expose tooth roots to plaque. Also, sugary food cravings in pregnant women can make them more vulnerable to developing cavities.

Decay around the edges of fillings is also common in older adults. Because many older adults lacked the benefits of fluoride and modern preventive dental care when they were growing up, they often have a number of dental fillings. Over the years, these fillings may weaken and can fracture, allowing bacteria to accumulate in the tiny crevices causing tooth decay.

How Do I Know if I Have a Cavity?

Your dentist can discover cavities during your regular dental checkup The tooth surface feels soft when probed by your dentist with a dental instrument. X-rays can also show cavities before they become visible to the eye.

In advanced stages of tooth decay, you might experience a toothache, especially after consuming sweet, hot, or cold foods or drinks. Other signs of tooth decay are visible pits or holes in the teeth.

How Are Cavities Treated?

Cavities are treated in a number of different ways depending on the extent of tooth decay. If decay is not extensive, the decayed portion of the tooth is removed by drilling and replaced with a filling made of silver alloy, gold, porcelain, or a composite resin. Restorative materials used in fillings are considered safe. Concerns have been raised over the safety of mercury-based, silver amalgams in particular, but the ADA, FDA, and other public health agencies continue to support the safety of this restorative material. Allergies to silver amalgam are rare as are allergies to other restorative materials.

If the decay is extensive and there is limited tooth structure remaining, crowns will be used. If a crown is needed, the decayed or weakened area of the tooth is removed and repaired and a crown is fitted over the remainder of the tooth. Crowns are made from gold, porcelain, or porcelain fused to metal.

If the decay causes the nerve or pulp of the tooth to die, a root canal will be performed. During the procedure, the center of the tooth (including the nerve, blood vessel, and tissue) is removed along with the decayed portions of the tooth. The roots are then filled with a sealing material. If necessary, a crown can be placed over the filled tooth.

Several new treatments are under development. One experimental technique uses fluorescent light to detect the development of cavities long before they can be detected by traditional means, such as x-rays or dental examination. In many cases, if cavities can be detected early, the decay process can be stopped or reversed.

Researchers are also working on a "smart filling" to prevent further tooth decay by slowly releasing fluoride over time around fillings and in adjacent teeth.

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Department of Dentistry - Souce WEBMD.
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Fillings

We are a mercury-free practice. However, many people still have silver/mercury fillings in their mouths from years past. These fillings are not particularly pleasing to the eye, and we know that by unavoidable design, silver/mercury fillings ultimately result in a weaker tooth structure. Porcelain inlays and Tooth Colored Restorations (onlays) create fillings that are not only beautiful (or unnoticeable) but also add strength to weakened teeth. These restorations are esthetically pleasing and very strong thanks to new bonding technologies.

Disadvantages of Silver fillings

Silver fillings have many drawbacks. The edges of the silver filling can wear down, become weak or break.  This results in the tooth not being protected and lets cavities get started once again.  With age, the metal of a silver filling expands, contracts, and can split.

Silver fillings contain 50 percent mercury. They can corrode, leak and cause stains on your teeth and gums.

Fortunately, silver fillings can safely be replaced with Tooth Colored Restorations.

Advantages of Tooth-Colored Restorations

There are many advantages to tooth colored restorations. Resin onlays are bonded to the teeth creating a tight, superior fit to the natural tooth.  Such restorations can be used in instances where much of the tooth structure has been lost. The tooth remains intact and stronger.

Since the resin used in tooth colored restorations contain fluoride this can help prevent decay. The resin wears like natural teeth and does not require placement at the gum line, which is healthier for your gums!

The result is a beautiful smile!

Replacing Silver fillings with a Tooth Colored Restoration

You can have your silver fillings replaced with Tooth colored restorations (onlays). This process requires two appointments.

Your First Appointment

1. The old filling is removed and any additional decay.
   
2. An impression is made of your teeth. A model of your teeth is made and sent to the lab.
   
3. A temporary onlay is placed on the tooth.

At the Lab

A resin is carefully placed into the model of your teeth. It is then designed to look natural.

Your Second Appointment

1. The temporary onlay is removed.
   
2. A conditioning gel is placed on your tooth to prepare it for the new onlay.
   
3. Bonding cement is placed on the tooth and a high intensity light bonds the resin to the tooth.
   
4. The tooth is then polished.

Your teeth are restored to a natural look and feel, they are stronger and the tooth is protected!

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Sealants

Highly effective in preventing decay on the biting surfaces of your chewing teeth, sealants are a simple procedure in which a tooth-colored acrylic "coating" is painted onto the surface of the tooth. This effectively "seals" the deep grooves acting as a barrier, protecting enamel from plaque and acids.

Sealants protect the depressions and grooves of your teeth from food particles and plaque that brushing and flossing can't reach.

Easy to apply, sealants take only a few minutes to seal each tooth. Sealants hold up well under the force of normal chewing and can last several years before a reapplication is needed. 

Children and adults can benefit from sealants in the fight against tooth decay.

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Veneers

What are porcelain veneers?

Porcelain veneers are thin shells of ceramic that bond directly to the front and top surfaces of the teeth. They are an ideal choice for improving your smile and have become increasingly popular due to their simplicity and versatility. With veneers as an alternative, there is no reason to put up with gaps between your teeth, teeth that are stained, badly shaped or crooked. A veneer placed on top of your teeth can correct these maladies, simply and quickly, to help you achieve a beautiful smile!

Will they look like normal teeth?

When bonded to the teeth, the ultra-thin porcelain veneers are virtually undetectable and highly resistant to coffee, tea, or even cigarette stains. For strength and appearance, their resemblance to healthy, white tooth enamel is unsurpassed by other restorative options. Because they are thin, light can shine through them and they take on the natural color of the underlying tooth.

How durable are porcelain veneers?

With proper care, porcelain veneers will brighten your smile for well over a decade.
Orange County Orange County Dentist ca .com will ensure that your veneers are crafted from the highest quality porcelains and are bonded with the most advanced and proven materials available.

The Procedure

This procedure will require three appointments:

• Diagnosis and treatment planning
• Preparation
• Bonding

Diagnosis and treatment planning

You will want to take an active role in planning your smile design. Your doctor will review the corrective limitations of this procedure and help you plan your new smile.

Preparation

The second appointment will take one to two hours. Although the porcelain veneer is very thin, the teeth are lightly buffed to allow for the added thickness. Approximately one half of a millimeter of tooth is removed. This may require little or no local anesthesia.

Then a mold is taken of the teeth and sent to the lab for fabrication. If the teeth are too unsightly a temporary veneer can be placed at this time. The veneer should be ready in approximately one to two weeks.

Bonding

At the time of your third appointment, your doctor will first place the veneer on your teeth with water or glycerin to check their fit and color. At this point the color of the veneer can still be adjusted by the shade of the cement used to adhere it. Once the color is determined, and the veneer is ready to be applied, the tooth is cleansed with specific chemicals to achieve a bond. A special cement is placed between the teeth and the veneer and a visible light beam is used to harden the cement. This appointment takes approximately one to two hours.

Care and follow up

Brush and floss daily. Return for a follow-up visit after one to two weeks.

Maintenance of your new Veneers

Brush and floss as you normally would. Don't be afraid that you will damage your veneers by brushing and flossing. Non-abrasive toothpaste is recommended. A good home care regimen will insure the best esthetic success of your veneer.
You may experience some sensitivity to hot and cold after placement of your veneer. This is due to the amount of enamel left on the tooth after preparation. Sensitivity is totally normal and should dissipate after one to two weeks. If sensitivity persists please call the office.

If you are a known clencher (bruxer), please be sure to let us know. Your doctor may recommend a soft night guard for you to wear to minimize stress placed upon your teeth while you sleep.

We hope that your new veneers fulfill your esthetic goal. With proper home care and scheduled visits, they are sure to provide you with a beautiful smile for years to come.

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Inlays / Onlay

When over 1/2 of the tooth's biting surface is damaged your dentist at Orange County Orange County Dentist ca .com will often use an inlay or onlay.

What are inlays and onlays?

Inlays and onlays can be made of porcelain, gold, or composite resin. These pieces are bonded to the damaged area of the tooth. An inlay, which is similar to a filling, is used inside the cusp tips of the tooth; an onlay is a more substantial reconstruction, similar to the inlay but extending out over one or more of the cusps of the tooth.

Traditionally, gold has been the material of choice for inlays and onlays. In recent years, however, porcelain has become increasingly popular due to its strength and color, which can potentially match the natural color of your teeth.

How are they applied?

Inlays and onlays require two appointments to complete the procedure. During the first visit, the filling being replaced or the damaged or decaying area of the tooth is removed, and the tooth is prepared for the inlay or onlay. An impression of the tooth taken and sent to a lab for fabrication. Your doctor will then apply a temporary sealant on the tooth and schedule the next appointment.

At the second appointment, the temporary sealant is removed. Your doctor will then make sure that the inlay or onlay fits correctly. If the fit is satisfactory, the inlay or onlay will be bonded to the tooth with a strong resin and polished to a smooth finish.

Considerations

Traditional fillings can reduce the strength of a natural tooth by up to 50%. As an alternative, inlays and onlays, being bonded directly onto the tooth using special high-strength resins, can actually increase the strength of a tooth by up to 75%. As a result, they can last from 10 to 30 years. In some cases, where the damage to the tooth is not extensive enough to merit an entire crown, onlays can provide a very good alternative.

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Bonding

Bonding can be used as a restorative procedure for teeth that are chipped, cracked, discolored or misarranged, and is an alternative to veneers.

How does it work?

The tooth is prepared for the procedure by lightly etching the surface and applying a bonding liquid. Once the liquid sets, a plastic resin is applied and sculpted into the desired shape by the dentist. Once set, the resin is trimmed, smoothed and polished to a natural appearance.

Considerations

The bonding procedure can often be completed in a single office visit, and can improve the appearance of a tooth significantly. However, since the plastic resin used is not as strong as your natural tooth enamel, it is more likely to stain, chip or break than natural teeth. Bonding typically lasts three to five years before repair is needed.

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Extractions

You and your doctor at Orange County Orange County Dentist ca .com may determine that you need a tooth extraction for any number of reasons. Some teeth are extracted because they are severely decayed; others may have advanced periodontal disease, or have broken in a way that cannot be repaired. Other teeth may need removal because they are poorly positioned in the mouth (such as impacted teeth), or in preparation for orthodontic treatment.

The removal of a single tooth can lead to problems related to your chewing ability, problems with your jaw joint, and shifting teeth, which can have a major impact on your dental health.

To avoid these complications, in most cases, your dentist will discuss alternatives to extractions as well as replacement of the extracted tooth.

The Extraction Process

At the time of extraction your doctor at Orange County Orange County Dentist ca .com will need to numb your tooth, jawbone and gums that surround the area with a local anesthetic.

During the extraction process you will feel a lot of pressure.  This is from the process of firmly rocking the tooth in order to widen the socket for removal.

You feel the pressure without pain as the anesthetic has numbed the nerves stopping the transference of pain, yet the nerves that transmit pressure are not profoundly affected.

If you do feel pain at any time during the extraction please let us know right away.

Sectioning a Tooth

Some teeth require sectioning. This is a very common procedure done when a tooth is so firmly anchored in its socket or the root is curved and the socket can't expand enough to remove it. The doctor simply cuts the tooth into sections then removes each section one at a time.

After Care

Bleeding

Some bleeding may occur. Placing a piece of moist gauze over the empty tooth socket and biting down firmly for 45 minutes can control this.

Blood clots that form in the empty socket.
This is an important part of the healing process and you must be careful not to dislodge the clot.

• Avoid rinsing or spitting for 24 hours after the extraction.
• Avoid use of a straw, smoking carbonated or hot liquids.

Swelling

If swelling occurs you can place ice on your face for 20 minutes and off for 20 minutes. Repeat this cycle as you feel necessary for up to 24 hours.

Pain and Medications

If you experience pain you might use non-prescription pain relief medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Eating

For most extractions just make sure you do your chewing away from the extraction site. Stay away from hot liquids and alcoholic beverages for 24 hours.
A liquid diet may be recommended for 24 hours.

Brushing and Cleaning

After the extraction avoid brushing the teeth near the extraction site for one day. After that you can resume gentle cleaning. Avoid commercial mouth rinses, as they tend to irritate the site. Beginning 24 hours after the extraction you can rinse with salt water (1/2 teaspoon in a cup of water) after meals and before bed. 

Dry Socket

Dry socket is when a blood clot fails to form in the socket where the tooth has been extracted or the clot has been dislodged and the healing is significantly delayed.

Following the post extraction instructions will reduce the chances of developing dry socket. Dry sockets manifest themselves as a dull throbbing pain, which doesn't appear until three to four days after the extraction.  The pain can be moderate to severe and radiate from the extraction area. Dry socket may cause a bad taste or bad breath and the extraction site appears dry.

Your dentist/surgeon at Orange County Orange County Dentist ca .com will apply a medicated dressing to the dry socket to sooth the pain.

Healing

After a tooth has been extracted there will be a resulting hole in your jawbone where the tooth was.  In time, this will smooth and fill in with bone. This process can take many weeks or months. However after 1- 2 weeks you should no longer notice any inconvenience.  Socket preservation is indicated to preserve the bone in the extraction site.  

Replacing teeth with:
Dental Implants (link to dental implant page)
Bridges (Link to bridges page).

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Bleaching

Having a beautiful smile may be even easier than you think. Many people achieve the look they've been dreaming of with our simple "bleaching" procedure.

It's safe, quick, and inexpensive. Just let us know at any appointment if you would like to begin bleaching. You can lighten only your upper teeth or both the upper and lower, depending on how much of each shows when you talk and smile.

In only a day or two your custom bleach splints will be ready for you to pick up. We provide you with a special bleaching agent that you put into the clear, almost invisible splints. With only a few hours of wear per day, our special bleaching agent bubbles stains right out of your enamel in a very short time without altering tooth structure or existing dental work in any way. When your teeth reach the brightness you want, only occasional treatment is needed to maintain your new smile. We'll want to take "after" photos at your next appointment.

Dental bleaching can be used to correct many tooth discolorations. These discolorations may have been caused by staining, aging, or chemical damage to teeth. Using the latest in bleaching technology, we can offer a safe method for creating a beautiful, "brilliant" smile. In cases of extreme tooth discoloration, crowns or veneers may be the only choice. But because of the low cost of bleaching treatments, bleaching is nearly always worth a solid try.

Before	After

Key Benefits

• Corrects brown, yellow and mottled tooth staining 
• Works on people of all ages. 
• Is a near permanent solution for a "dull" smile, restoring brightness and bringing a smile alive. 

How is it done?

An impression is taken to make a specialized "mouthguard" or "stent" to hold the bleach against the teeth. The material is used each night for about 3-4 hours for a week or two, after which significant whitening will occur. In some cases, the change is nothing short of brilliant. For confidence in appearance, bleaching technology offers improvements in yellowing, aging or stained teeth. For very severely stained teeth, crowns or veneers may be more appropriate.

Considerations

Over-the-counter bleaching agents are available at drug stores and pharmacies. However, since these products can harm the gums and teeth, it's better to use products that our practice recommends.

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Bridges

All of your teeth play an important role in speaking, chewing and in maintaining proper alignment of other teeth. Tooth loss doesn't necessarily have to occur as you age, but if you do lose teeth, they must be replaced to maintain proper function of your mouth. Fortunately, there are options for correcting tooth loss. 

Options

A bridge is a device used to replace missing teeth that attaches artificial teeth to adjacent natural teeth, called abutment teeth. Bridges are either permanently attached (fixed bridges), or they can be removable.

Fixed bridges are applied by either placing crowns on the abutment teeth or by bonding the artificial teeth directly to the abutment teeth.  Removable bridges are attached to the teeth with metal clasps or by precision attachments.

If you're missing one or more teeth, you may be aware of their importance to your appearance and dental health. Your teeth work together for many daily functions from eating to speaking. With missing teeth, it's difficult to do these things. Missing teeth can and should be replaced. Fixed bridges are a great way to restore your dental health and appearance.

What exactly is a bridge or fixed partial denture?

A bridge (fixed partial denture) is a device, which fills the gap where teeth are absent. Fixed bridges are bonded into place and can only be removed by a dental professional. Removable bridges, as the name implies, can be taken out and cleaned. Fixed bridges offer more stability than their removable counterparts.

Why do I need a bridge?

Oral functionality and appearance are important reasons for wearing a bridge. A bridge helps support your lips and cheeks. The loss of a back tooth may cause your mouth to sink and your face to look older.

Dental health is the most important reason for a bridge. Teeth were designed to complement each other. Unusual stresses are placed on the gums and other oral tissues when teeth are missing, causing a number of potentially harmful disorders. 

Increased risk of gum disease has proven to be one of the worst side effects of missing teeth and can be minimized with a bridge.

Missing teeth can cause speech disorders as they are used to make many of the sounds we use to speak clearly. 

How is a bridge attached?

The attachment procedure usually takes two or three appointments to complete. At the first appointment your prosthodontist or general dentist will prepare the teeth on either side of the gap by removing a portion of the enamel and dentin.

Since the bridge must be fabricated very precisely to ensure correct bite and to match the opposing tooth, impressions of the teeth are taken and sent to a lab where the bridge will be constructed.

Fixed bridges are typically cemented to the natural teeth next to the space left by the missing tooth. A pontic (false tooth) replaces the lost tooth. Crowns, which are cemented onto the natural teeth, provide support for the bridge.

What materials are used?

Bridges can be constructed from gold alloys, non-precious alloys, porcelain, or a combination of these materials. Porcelain is often bonded to either precious or non-precious metal.

How do I take care of my bridge?

A strict regimen of brushing and flossing will keep the bridge and surrounding teeth clean.  This is of critical importance as the bridge relies on the neighboring teeth for support.

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Crowns

Where damage to a person's teeth is extreme, and apparently beyond repair, we can use porcelain or porcelain "pasted on gold" crowns to make the smile appear "as new". This is an extremely reliable technique for repairing the most severe of dental problems, even permanently replacing missing teeth to offer a complete smile and a functional bite. We are renowned for the quality of our work and the fantastic changes we make for people using this technology. These treatments are used for a long lasting correction of major dental problems. It is usual for these treatments to last for 20 to 30 years, which is as close to permanent as dental treatment can get.

How long does it take?

Fitting a crown requires at least two visits to our office. Initially, we will remove decay, shape the tooth, and fit it with a temporary crown of either plastic or metal.

On the subsequent visit we will remove the temporary crown, and then fit and adjust the final crown.  Finally, we will cement the crown into place and you have a new beautiful looking tooth.

Key Benefits

• Replaces missing teeth 
• Offers support to misshapen teeth or badly broken teeth 
• Looks completely natural 
• Fixes "smile" and functional chewing problems. 

What are the capabilities of crowns?

Crown and bridgework is a very reliable solution for major dental problems caused through accidents, diseases or wear and tear. Major problems can usually be corrected using these techniques. Material used in these repairs is either high-grade porcelain, or porcelain bonded to gold.  A higher strength of the porcelain and gold materials is recommended to treat the most serious of dental problems. Where accidental damage has occurred, resulting in lost teeth, or where teeth have broken away through excessive wear, or as the result of old fillings breaking, crowns and/or bridges can be used as a long-term solution.

Many people have unexplained pain from filled back teeth, which is usually due to hairline cracks in the chewing part of the tooth. Placing crowns on these teeth relieves the pain and allows a return of full dental function for these teeth. In front teeth, older fillings can both weaken the teeth and cause "appearance" problems due to staining or chipping. Porcelain crowns and bridges are suitable in cases where porcelain veneers are not. In teeth with root canal fillings, crowns can prevent breakage.

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Laughing Gas (see Nitrous Oxide)

Source: Dentalfind

Nitrous Oxide, N2O, also called laughing gas, is a colorless gas with pleasant, sweetish odor and taste, which when inhaled produces insensibility to pain preceded by mild hysteria or laughter.

Nitrous oxide was discovered by the English chemist Joseph Priestley in 1772, but was named nitrous oxide by Humphry Davy. The principal use of nitrous oxide is as an anesthetic in surgical operations of short duration as prolonged inhalation of nitrous oxide can cause death.

Nitrous oxide is prepared by the action of zinc on dilute nitric acid, by the action of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on sodium nitrite, and, most commonly, by the decomposition of ammonium nitrate.

Nitrous oxide has very distinct characteristics and when inhaled, nitrous produces a variety of physical effects including:

• Disorientation
• Fixated vision
• Throbbing or pulsating auditory hallucinations
• Similarly pulsating visual hallucinations
• Increased pain threshold
• Deeper mental connections

The physiological effects of using nitrous oxide last approximately a minute for a lungful of nitrous and then mainly dissipate. Some residual effects may last up to several minutes later. Nitrous gas works by infusing into the membranes of the body and produces an anesthetic effect.

Nitrous oxide is used in roughly one third of dental practices in the United States, especially to allay anxiety that many patients may have toward dental treatment, and it offers some degree of painkilling ability. The benefits of nitrous oxide are many, and the risks are few. The gas is administered with a comfortable mask placed over the nose, and the patient is instructed to breathe in through the nose and out through their mouth. As a precaution, patients should not eat anything for about two hours prior to use of the gas. The patient begins to feel a pleasant level of sedation in anywhere from 30 seconds to three or four minutes. The cheeks and gums will also begin to feel numb in about a third of the patients.

After the gas is adjusted to the appropriate dose, and the patient is relaxed and sedated, the dentist can comfortably give the anesthetic injection (if needed) to the patient, and then proceed with dental treatment. After the treatment is completed, the patient is given pure oxygen to breathe for about five minutes, and all the effects of sedation are usually reversed. Unlike IV sedation or general anesthesia, the patient can almost always leave the office by themselves, without an escort.

Nitrous oxide has few side effects although high doses can cause nausea in some patients, and about 10% of patients do not benefit from it. Patients that are claustrophobic or have blocked nasal passages cannot use nitrous oxide effectively. Nitrous oxide is one of the safest anesthetics available.

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Glossary of Dental Terms

ABSCESS -  a local infection. A  Severe decay, periodontal disease, or trauma are causative  factors. It is characterized by swelling and pain. If an abscess ruptures, it  will be accompanied by sudden relief from pain due to a reduction in pressure. A  foul taste may also be noticed.

ABUTMENT - a term used to denote  the teeth on either side of a missing tooth.

ACRYLIC RESIN - the  plastic widely used in dentistry to make dentures.

ACTIVE ERUPTION - the emergence of the tooth from its position in the jaw.

ADHESION - the sticking together of unlike substances

ADJUSTMENT - a modification made upon a dental prosthesis after it has been completed and inserted into the mouth.

AEROBIC BACTERIA - bacteria which grow in oxygen rich environments; in the oral cavity the  bacteria are found outside the sulcus.

AFFERENT - nerves that  carry sensory messages toward the brain.

AGAR - a gelatin like substance obtained from seaweed; used in impression materials.

ALGINATE - an impression material used by dentists for making stone models.

ALVEOLECTOMY - an operation where portions of the alveolar bone are removed.

ALVEOLAR BONE - the bone surrounding the root of the tooth; loss of this bone is typically associated with severe periodontal disease.

ALVEOLAR CREST - the highest portion of alveolar bone.

ALVEOLAR EMINENCE - outline of the root on the facet portion of the bone.

ALVEOLAR PROCESS - the portion of the mandible or maxilla that surrounds the root of a tooth.

ALVEOLUS - the bony socket in which the root of the tooth sits.

AMALGAM - or silver filling; an alloy in which one of the metals is mercury. Below are the approximate percentages of the component elements:

Mercury Hg 50%
Silver Ag 35%
Tin Sn 13%
Copper Cu 0-3%
Zinc Zn 0-1%

ANAEROBIC BACTERIA - bacteria that do not need oxygen to grow;  they are generally associated with periodontal disease.

ANODONTIA - the developmental absence of teeth.

ANTIBIOTIC - substance  produced by or derived from bacteria which is able to inhibit or kill other  bacteria.

ANTIMICROBIAL - destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

ANATOMICAL CROWN - the portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel.

ANTISCEPTIC - A chemical agent which can be applied to living tissues to destroy germs.

ANESTHESIA - medication which relieves the  sensation of pain.

ANNIVERSARY YEAR - begins on the day of the month that the patients' insurance became effective.

ANOMALY - a  deviation from the normal or expected outcome.

ANTAGONIST - a  structure that opposes or counteracts another structure.

ANTERIOR - situated in front of.

ANTERIOR TEETH - the front teeth  (incisors and cupids).

ANUG - Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis. An acute, painful condition characterized by severe gingival  redness, spontaneous bleeding, foul breath and pain.

APEX - the  pointed extremity of a structure.

APICAL FORAMEN - the opening at the end of the root of a tooth through which the tooth receives its nerve and blood supply.

APPOSITION - the laying down of, or addition of.

ARCH - a curvature; both the maxillary and mandibular ridge form  a horseshoe shaped arch.

ARTICULATING PAPER - carbon paper;  placed between the upper and lower teeth to mark contact.

ARTICULATOR - a mechanical device used to replicate functional movements of the jaw to casts.

ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS - a clause in an insurance policy  that allows the insured person to direct the carrier's payment to the dentist.

ASPIRATOR - The tube-like straw which the dentist place in your mouth for suction.

ASYMMETRY/ SYMMETRY - To be esthetic, tooth Size, shape and gum contour should be as close to identical from one side of the mouth to the other. Ideally, the incisal edges of your teeth should follow the contour of the upper lip. 

ATTACHMENT LEVEL - a numerical measure of the amount of attachment of the periodontal ligament to a tooth; the number is generally determined by combining a pocket depth measurement with a measurement of  gingival recession. Attachment level is considered one of the most important measures of periodontal disease progress or treatment success

ATTRITION - the wearing away of tooth structure through normal use (ie. chewing, biting, etc.).

AXON - the process that carries impulses away from the cell body of a nerve.

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B

BACK TEETH - see POSTERIOR TEETH

BENEFIT YEAR - generally begins on the  month of the year that the employer purchased the plan.

BICUSPIDS - or having two cusps. The first and second bicuspids; they are the fourth and fifth teeth from the center of the mouth, respectively. These are the back teeth that are used for chewing.

BIFURCATION - having two branches, or dividing into two parts.

BILATERAL - both sides.

BIRTHDAY RULE - applies when a child is covered under both parent's plans; the plan of the parent who's birthday (month and day, not year)  falls earlier in the calendar year is billed first (in cases of divorce or  separation, other factors pertain).

BITEWING - a single X-ray that shows the upper and lower teeth's biting surfaces on the same film.

BLEACHING - cosmetic whitening of teeth using peroxide.

BOLUS - chewed up mass of food and saliva.

BONDING - the covering of a tooth surface to correct stained or damaged teeth.

BRIDGE - a fixed appliance (prosthesis) that replaces missing teeth. A bridge is a series of attached crowns (abutments and pontics).

BRUXISM - or the grinding of teeth, usually occurs during sleep.

BUCCAL - or pertaining to the cheek.

BUCCINATOR MUSCLE - the cheek muscle.

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C

CALENDAR YEAR - January 1st to December 31st.

CALCIFICATION - the process  of hardening through the deposition of lime salts.

CALCULUS -  hard calcium like deposits which form on teeth and dentures.

CANAL - the narrow chamber inside the root of a tooth that contains nerve tissue and blood vessels.

CANINES - See CUSPIDS; so named because the  correspond to the long teeth of a dog.

CAPITATION PLAN - a plan whereby the dentist is contracted with the administrator to provide dental services to persons covered under the program in return for payment on a per-capita basis.

CARIOGENIC - or cancer-causing

CARIES - medical term for decay; caused by decalcification of the enamel and disintegration of the dentin by acid producing bacteria.

CARIOGENIC - or decay-causing

CARRIER - the party  (usually an insurance company) that pays claims and collects premiums.

CARRYOVER - If the deductible was paid last year, the next year  (or quarter, Jan., Feb. and March) they do not have to pay the deductible again.

CAST - reproduction of the mouth in stone or plaster.

CAVITY - see CARIES.

CEMENT - a dental material  used to seal inlays, onlays, and crowns; also used for pupal protection.

CEMENTUM - makes up the dull yellow outer surface of the roots.

CENTRIC OCCLUSION - the relationship of the occlusal surfaces of one arch to those in the opposing arch at physical rest position.

CENTRIC RELATION - the relationship of the maxillary arch to the  mandibular arch when the condyle is in its most retracted position.

CERVICAL - pertaining to the neck of a tooth.

CERVIX - the neck of the tooth; the area where the crown joins the root or the  enamel joins the cementum.

CHEEK POUCH - the area of the mouth  inside the cheek.

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC - an agent of a chemical nature which exerts an antimicrobial effect.

CINGULUM - a raised area on the lingual surface of anterior teeth.

CLASP - the metal  part of a partial denture and which helps to retain, support, and stabilize the appliance.

CLEANING - See PROPHYLAXIS.

CLEFT PALATE - an opening in the palate.

CLINICAL CROWN - that portion of  the tooth visible in the mouth, extending from the occlusal or incisal edge to the crest of the free gingiva.

CLOSED PANEL - a plan where the covered patient only receives benefits if the services are provided by a dentist  contracted with the plan's administrator.

COL - a "V-shaped  depression in the facial-lingual interdental papilla located cervically to the  contact area of the tooth.

COMMUNITION - crushing or grinding to  a powder.

COMPLETE SERIES - See FULL-MOUTH X-RAYS.

COMPOSITE FILLING - tooth-colored restorative material. The word "composite" refers to the mixture of filler particles in a liquid resin. Commonly, the resin used is BIS-GMA (bis-gammamethylmetacrylate). Filler particles are added to alter the color and wear characteristics. Common filler particles are silica, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and iron.

CONCAVE - curving inward away from the viewer.

CONTACT  AREA - that portion of the proximal surface of a tooth that touches the adjacent tooth.

CONVEX - curving outward toward the viewer.

COSMETIC DENTISTRY - aesthetic improvement of the color and shape of teeth performed by a general dentist.

CREST - a prominence or  ridge.

CROSS CONTAMINATION - Passing disease indirectly from one patient to another through the use of improper sterilization procedures.

CROWN - full coverage for a tooth (used when the tooth cannot be restored by a filling).

CURETTAGE - the surgical scraping of bacteria from soft tissue. This is a periodontal procedure and is usually performed one quadrant at a time.

CUSPID - the third  tooth from the center of the mouth towards the back, also known as canines.

CUSPS - elevated points on the chewing surfaces of back teeth  (posterior teeth).

CUSTOM TRAY - an individual tray; custom made  to fit a patient's mouth.

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D

DEBRIDEMENT - treatment of a bacterial infection by removing irritants (bacteria,  calculus) from the periodontal pocket so as to allow healing of adjacent  tissues.

DECALCIFICATION - The loss of calcium from your teeth, weakening the teeth and making them more susceptible to decay

DECIDUOUS TEETH - baby teeth; teeth that exfoliate or  shed. see PRIMARY TEETH.

DEDUCTIBLE - the amount paid by the patient before the carrier begins benefit payments.

DEGLUTITION -  swallowing.

DEMINERALIZATION - loss of mineral from tooth enamel  just below the surface in a carious lesion; usually appearing as a white area on the tooth surface.

DENDRITE - the process that conducts impulses toward the cell body of a nerve.

DENTAL MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION  (D.M.O.) - a legal entity that accepts the responsibility of providing  services at a fixed price.

DENTAL RESIN - a dental material  applied to the tooth which is used in cases of severe dentinal hypersensitivity; usually not used unless all other treatment attempts have failed.

DENTAL VARNISH - a hypersensitivity treatment which sometimes contains sodium fluoride; applied to the tooth surface, covering the outer surface of dentin and thus blocking transmission of stimuli to the pulp.

DENTIN - the hard, yellowish tissue underlying the enamel and cementum; it makes up the major bulk of the tooth.

DENTINAL TUBULES - microscopic canals that run from the outside of the dentin to the nerve  inside the tooth.

DENTITION - the natural teeth as a unit.

DENTURE - a removable appliance (prosthesis) that replaces missing teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.

DESENSITIZATION -  the blocking of painful stimuli which cause dentinal hypersensitivity.

DESICCATE - to make dry; to remove all moisture.

DESQUAMATION - a peeling of gingival tissue; in cases of  desquamative gingivitis, the tissues may appear smooth and shiny, with patches  of bright red and gray. Surface tissue may peel away, exposing a raw, bleeding,  painful surface.

DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSION - a concavity in a surface that formed while the tooth was developing.

DIAGNOSIS - the process of identifying the nature of a disorder.

DIAGNOSTIC -  procedures performed by the dentist to identify what's going on in the mouth.

DIASTEMA - a space between the teeth.

DILACERATION - an abnormal tooth that where both the crown and the root are twisted.

DIPHYODONT - having two successive sets of teeth.

DIRECT CONTAMINATION - Direct contact with impurities or germs.

DISINFECTION - A cleaning process which destroys the majority of microorganism, but not highly resistant forms such as bacterial and mycotic spores.

DISINFECTANT - A chemical agent which is applied onto inanimate surfaces to destroy germs.

DISPOSABLE MATERIALS - materials intended for one-use and discarded. (e.g.: Gloves, paper gowns, cotton rolls, etc.)

DISTAL - the surface of the tooth farthest from the midline of  the dental arch.

DIVERGENT - spread.

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E

EDEMA -  swelling resulting from fluid accumulation in gingival tissues.

EDENTULOUS - having no teeth.

EFFERENT - the  nerves that carry motor messages away from the brain.

EMBRASURE -  the space between two teeth created by the sloping away of the mesial and distal surfaces.

EMINENCE - a prominence.

EMPRESS - Type of porcelain crown and porcelain veneer/laminate. The advantage Empress is that it blends very nicely with the surrounding teeth; it is very esthetic.

ENAMEL - the  hard, white shiny surface of the crown; composed of 95% calcium hydroxyapatite.

ENDODONTICS (ENDO) - the treatment of diseases or injuries that affect the root tip or nerve of the tooth.

EROSION - The dissolution of tooth structure due to the presence of gastric juices or citrus. Erosion seldom occurs alone; it is often accompanied by attrition or abrasion (or both) to varying degrees. Acidic foods, such  as citrus fruits and juices should be avoid in patients with signs of erosion.

ERUPTION - the moving of the tooth occlusally.

EXCLUSION - services not covered by a  dental plan.

EXFOLIATE - to shed.

EXPLORER - a  probe used to detect cavity growth.

EXTERNAL - on the outer surface.

EXTRACTION - the removal of teeth.

EXTRAORAL - Outside the mouth.

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F

FACIAL -  the surface next to the face; the outer surface of a tooth resting against the  cheeks or lips.

FEE SCHEDULE - a set amount paid by the insurance company regardless of the doctor's fee.

FILTRUM - the dimple or indentation under the nose directly above the upper lip.

FISSURE - cleft-like grooves in the chewing surface of the back teeth.

FISTULA - an abnormal passage formed in the gum tissue through which an abscessed tooth drains.

FLUORIDE - topical application of a gel or liquid that  prevents decay.

FLUOROSIS - discoloration of the enamel due to excessive fluoride absorption (greater than one 1 part per million) into the bloodstream, also called enamel mottling.

FORAMEN - an opening in  bone.

FORNEX - vault or arch shaped.

FOSSA - a  shallow depression on the lingual (tongue) surfaces of some front teeth.

FREE GINGIVA - the marginal part of the gingival (gums) that can  be deflected from the tooth surface; it forms a collar around the tooth.

FRENUM - a fold of mucous membrane that connects two parts.

FRONT TEETH - See ANTERIOR TEETH.

FULL MOUTH X-RAYS - X-rays showing all the teeth. Includes 14 periapicals and 4 bitewings, also known as a complete series.

FURCATION - an area where the  root divides.

FURROW - a groove.

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G

GALVANIC CURRENT - a current of electricity produced by chemical action between two metals suspended in liquid.

GENDER RULE - when a child is covered  under both parent's plans, the father's plan is billed first (in cases of divorce or separation other factors must be considered).

GENERAL  ANESTHESIA - relieves the sensation of pain.

GENERAL DENTIST - primary care provider for patients in all age groups.

GERIATRIC  DENTIST - general dentist who primarily treats senior citizens.

GINGIVA - the soft tissue surrounding teeth, also known as the gums.

GINGIVAL CREST - the prominent edge of occlusal or incisal  gingiva.

GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY - The abnormal enlargement of the gingiva surrounding the teeth caused by poor oral hygiene or the use of certain medications.

GINGIVECTOMY - the removal of soft tissue surrounding the tooth; typically used in the treatment of periodontal disease.

GINGIVITIS - inflamed and swollen gum tissue most commonly caused by plaque.  If left untreated, may lead to periodontitis.

GOLDON PROPORTION - The guidelines which dentists use in determining the most esthetic appearance of a particular tooth (teeth need to maintain a certain height to width ratio to look their best.)

GROOVE - a long, narrow depression.

GUTTA PERCHA - material used in the filling of root canals.

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H

HANDPIECE - the instrument used to hold and revolve burs in dental operations.

HEAT-STERILIZING - Use of an autoclave or dry-heat sterilizer to kill all potential disease-causing  agents that remain following patient treatment. Any instruments that is not heat stable and cannot tolerate high temperatures should be thoroughly cleaned and soaked in disinfectant chemicals.

HETERODONT - different types of teeth within the same dentition (ie. incisors, canines, molars).

HISTO-DIFFERENTIATION -  development into a specialized tissue.

HISTOLOGY - the study of tissues.

HOMODONT - the presence of only one type of tooth in the  dentition.

HYPERPLASIA - over-growth of a part; an increase in  the number of cells.

HYPERSENSITIVITY - a sharp, sudden painful  reaction in teeth when exposed to hot, cold, chemical, mechanical or osmotic  (sweet or salt) stimuli.

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I

IDEAL  OCCLUSION - a complete harmonious relationship of the teeth and masticatory  system.

IMMEDIATE DENTURE - a complete or partial denture made before the natural teeth are extracted.

IMPACTION - an unerupted or partially erupted tooth that will not fully erupt into the mouth because of an obstruction.

IMPLANT - a post that is implanted into bone. A  crown, bridge, or denture is then placed over the implant to restore function  and esthetics.

IMPRESSION TRAY - formed in the general shape of the mouth, used for taking impressions.

INCENTIVE PROGRAM - a  dental plan where the percentage of benefits increase each year as the patient  receives regular, annual dental care (preventive treatment). If the patient fails to go to the dentist each year, the percentage drops back to where it started.

INCISORS - the central and lateral incisors; the first  and second teeth from the midline of the mouth.

INLAY - a gold,  porcelain, or composite custom-made filling cemented into the tooth. If it  covers the tips of the teeth, it is called an onlay.

INCISAL EDGE - the cutting edge, ridge, or surface of anterior teeth.

INSERTION - the movable end of a muscle.

INTERCUSPATION - interlocking; a cusp-to-fossa relationship of  the maxillary to mandibular teeth.

INTERPROXIMAL - the space  between two adjacent surfaces.

IINTRAORAL - Inside your mouth.

INVAGINATION - to enclose within.

INVISALIGN - The system is a way to move teeth without the use of conventional brackets and archwires. Basically, a series of clear plastic trays are computer fabricated with each tray gradually shifting the teeth into proper alignment. The system works best for minor tooth movements.

IONTOPHOR - the process of introducing a drug through the dental enamel by use of an electrical current; often used in the treatment of dentin  hypersensitivity.

IRRIGATION - the technique of using a solution to wash out your mouth.
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J

JAW - a  common name for the maxilla or mandible.
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K

No terms Available

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L

LABIAL -  relating to the lip; another name for the facial surface of anterior teeth (next  to the lip).

LAMINATE VENEER - a porcelain, or composite covering which is bonded to restore discolored, or damaged teeth.

LATERA L  - to the side.

LEAST COST ALTERNATIVE - an insurance policy  clause that allows the insuring company to pay for the least expensive  treatment.

LESION - any wound or local degeneration.

LINGUAL - the surface of a tooth nearest the tongue; relating to the tongue.

LOBE - center of tooth formation.

LOCAL  ANESTHESIA - relieves the sensation of pain in a localized area.

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M

MALOCCLUSION - any deviation from the ideal positioning of the teeth or jaws.

MAMELON - small elevations of enamel present on the incisors as  they erupt.

MANAGED CARE PLANS - plans that restrict the type,  level, and frequency of treatment; these plans limit access to care and control the level of service reimbursement (ie. DMO's, Capitation plans, and Closed  Panel plans).

MANDIBLE - the lower jaw.

MARYLAND BRIDGE - A type of Bonded Bridge. Its main difference from conventional bridges is in the reduced amount of abutment preparation necessary. Only the lingual surfaces of the abutments are reduced.

MASTICATION - chewing.

MASTICATORY SYSTEM - the teeth and surrounding  structures: jaws, temporomandibular joint, muscles, lips, and tongue.

MAXILLAE - the upper jaw.

MEDIAL - relating to the  middle or medial plane.

MENTAL - relating to the chin.

MERCURY - a metal, component of amalgam fillings.

MESIAL - is the surface of the tooth nearest the midline of the dental arch.

MICRO ABRASION - a drill-free technique using an  instrument resembling a tiny sand blaster that delivers tiny aluminum oxide  particles to the surface of teeth.

MIDLINE - imaginary line through the middle of an object which divides it into two equal parts.

MIXED DENTITION- The developmental stage when both deciduous and permanent teeth are present.

MOLAR - the first, second and third molars; these are the sixth, seventh and eighth teeth from the center of the mouth, respectively.

MOUTHGUARD - a soft-fitted device which protects teeth against  impact or injury.

MUCOSA - the thin, outer pink or red membrane lining the inside of the oral cavity.

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N

NASAL -  relating to the nose.

NEURON - a nerve cell.

NEOPLASM - a proliferation of cells interfering with surrounding tissues; refers to cancer.

NICOTINE PATCHES - typically worn for 24 hours over several weeks, supplying a steady flow of nicotine. The main brands include: Habitrol, Nicoderm, Nicotrol and Prostep. Over the course of  treatment the amount of nicotine in the patch gradually decreases. Studies have shown that this method has approximately a 25 % success rate.

NIGHTGUARD - a removable acrylic appliance to minimize  the effects of grinding (bruxism) and TMJ associated problems.

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O

OBLIQUE RIDGE - a linear elevation that transverses a surface.

OCCLUDE - to bring together.

OCCLUSAL - relating to the biting surface of  teeth.

OCCLUSAL EQUILIBRATION - process of refining and  perfecting the occlusion.

OCCLUSAL GUARD - see NIGHTGUARD.

OCCLUSAL PLANE - The imaginary surface on which upper and lower teeth meet.

OCCLUSAL TRAUMA - results from excessive force placed on a normal  dentition, i.e. grinding and clenching of teeth. If left uncontrolled, occlusal trauma may result in rapid attachment loss and bone destruction.

OCCLUSION - the relationship of the teeth in a closed position in  both the maxillary and mandibular arch.

ONLAY - A laboratory processed restoration made of metal, porcelain or acrylic that replaces one or more of cusps of a tooth.

OPAQUING - covering the metal work of a prosthesis with a material so that it doesn't show through.

OPEN BITE - increased distance between the two arches; space between the front upper and lower teeth when the back teeth are touching.

ORAL CAVITY -  the mouth.

ORAL SURGERY (O.S.) - surgery of the mouth.

ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEON - treats and surgically corrects diseases, injuries and defects of the mouth and jaws.

ORAL PATHOLOGIST - examines oral tissues for evidence of suspected abnormalities  such as cancer.

ORIGIN - the fixed end of a muscle.

ORTHODONTICS - a branch of dentistry dealing with irregularities  of the teeth and their correction.

ORTHODONTIST - designs and  applies corrective and supportive appliances, braces, to realign crooked teeth.

OSTEOBLASTS - Cells which aid in the growth and development of teeth and bones.

OSTEOCLASTS - Cells which help remodel bone. 

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P

P.A. - see  PERIAPICAL.

PALATE - roof of the mouth.

PALATAL  SURFACE - the surface of the maxillary teeth nearest the palate.

PALMER?S NOTATION- An identification system for teeth; widely used to designate individual teeth amongst orthodontists.

PANOREX - a single, large x-ray taken outside of the mouth that  shows all the teeth on one film.

PARTIAL DENTURE - a removable  appliance that replaces some of the teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.

PASSIVE ERUPTION - describes the process by which teeth continue  to erupt into the mouth as tooth structure is lost to attrition and wear.

PATHOGENS - Disease producing organism

PATHOLOGY - The study of abnormal (diseased) tissue conditions.

PEDODONTICS (PEDO) - the treatment of children's teeth.

PELLICLE - the first step in plaque formation; a clear, thin  covering containing proteins and lipids (fats) found in saliva. It is formed  within seconds after a tooth surface is cleaned.

PERIAPICAL - an x-ray that shows the whole tooth, also known as a single film or P.A.

PERIAPICAL ABSCESS - infection of the pulp of the tooth and tissues surrounding the base of the tooth.

PERICORONITIS -  infection of the tissue overlying a partially erupted tooth. Treatment involves keeping this tissue clean and free of bacteria.

PERIODONTAL CHARTING - measures the pocket depth resulting from attachment loss between the gums and teeth.

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT - the fibers which suspend the tooth in the bony socket; it is attached at one end to the cementum, and at the  other end to the alveolar bone of the socket.

PERIODONTAL MAINTENANCE - cleaning of the teeth following periodontal treatment, includes perio  charting.

PERIODONTAL POCKET - the pocket that forms when the gums lose attachment from the teeth.

PERIODONTAL PROBE - a dental instrument used to measure pocket depth.

PERIODONTAL PROPHY - see  Periodontal Maintenance.

PERIODONTAL RECALL - see  Periodontal Maintenance.

PERIODONTICS (PERIO) - the treatment of diseases of the gum.

PERIODONTIST - diagnoses and treats diseases of the tissues supporting and surrounding the teeth, especially periodontal, gum,  disease

PERIODONTITIS - a form of periodontal disease affecting  adults resulting in destruction of alveolar bone.

PERIODONTIUM -  the structures that surround and support the teeth.

PERMANENT  DENTITION - see PERMANENT TEETH.

PERMANENT TEETH - the teeth  that replace the deciduous or primary teeth.

PHONETICS -  production of sounds.

PIT - a pinpoint depression in the occlusal  surface od a tooth.

PLAQUE - a sticky film that accumulated on  teeth.

PLASTER OF PARIS - gypsum, used to make models of teeth.

POLISHING - a dental procedure that removes stain, plaque and  acquired pellicle by using an abrasive polishing paste in a rubber cup attached  to a slow-speed handpiece.

POLYPHYODONT - possessing several sets  of teeth during a lifespan.

PONTIC - the component of a bridge  that replaces the missing teeth.

PORCELAIN - a tooth-colored  sand like material; much like enamel in appearance.

PORCELAIN VENEER - ultra-thin shells of ceramic material bonded to the front of the tooth.

POSTERIOR TEETH - the back teeth (Bicuspids and molars).

POSTPALATAL SEAL - an elevation of material on the back (tissue side) of a denture; for the purpose of sealing the denture.

PPO -  see PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION.

PREDETERMINATION - the  doctor notifies the insurance company beforehand of the intended treatment and  the insurance company estimates the benefits that will be paid. 

PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION (PPO) - A plan where the patient can go to any dentist they choose, or they can choose a preferred dentist and  receive discounted fees. These plans are listed on our system as Preferred and  Non Preferred.

PREMOLARS - two-cusped teeth immediately in front  of molars.

PREVENTIVE - a procedure performed to aid in  preventing decay and/ or gum disease.

PRIMARY PLAN - when a patient is covered by two insurance plans, the plan that is billed first is the primary plan.

PRIMARY TEETH - the baby teeth, also known as the  primary dentition.

PRIMATE SPACING - the normal spacing between primary anterior teeth.

PROCERA - Procera is a type of Porcelain Crown.  They are one of the strongest all-porcelain crowns available. Procera?s framework is computer generated; porcelain is then added to the structure.

PROPHY - see PROPHYLAXIS.

PROPHYLAXIS - a general meaning to clean the teeth, also known as  a prophy.

PROSTHETICS - a fixed or removable appliance used to replace missing teeth (ie. bridges, partials, and dentures).

PROSTHODONTIST - constructs artificial appliances designed to restore and maintain oral function by replacing missing teeth and other oral structures such as dentures

PROXIMAL - nearest the point of attachment; the mesial or distal surface of the tooth.

PROXIMAL SURFACE - the surface of the tooth adjacent to the next tooth; refers to the mesial and distal surfaces.

PUBLIC HEALTH DENTIST - concerned  with the dental health needs of entire communities, and can design and administer large-scale prevention and dental care programs by compiling and  analyzing statistics

PULP CANAL - the portion of the pulp in the root.

PULP CHAMBER - the portion of the pulp in the crown of the  tooth.

PULP HORN - the portion of the pulp chamber that extends towards the cusp.

PULP TISSUE - the soft (not calcified) tissue  in the pulp chamber; composed of blood vessels and nerves.

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Q

QUADRANT -  denotes one of four equal sections in the mouth. The upper right, upper left, lower right or the lower left.
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R

RADIOGRAPHIC - referring to x-rays.

RADIOSURGERY - surgical technique that  uses radio waves to produce a pressureless, bloodless incision.

RAPHE - a union of soft tissue.

RCT - see ROOT CANAL THERAPY.

REBASE - process where only the tissue surface of a denture is  replaced by new material.

RELATIVE VALUE SCHEDULE (RVS) -  procedures are given a point value based upon their degree of difficulty. Each procedure is also assigned a given a dollar amount. The dollar amount is then  multiplied by the point value to determine what the insurance company will pay.

RESIN FILLING - see COMPOSITE FILLING.

RESORB - to dissolve into the tissue.

RESTORATIONS - any replacement for lost tooth structure or teeth (ie. bridges, fillings, crowns and implants).

RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY - process of restoring missing, damaged or diseased teeth to normal form and function.

RETAINER - a  removable appliance used to maintain teeth in a given position (usually worn at night).

RIDGE - a linear elevation.

ROOT CANAL THERAPY (RCT) - procedure used to save an abscessed tooth in which the pulp chamber  is cleaned out, disinfected, and filled with a permanent filling.

ROOT PLANING - the removal of hard deposits from the root surface below the gumline.

ROOT TRUNK - that portion of the root that is not bifurcated or trifurcated.

RUGAE - elevated folds or wrinkles of soft tissue in the front part of the palate.

RVS - see  RELATIVE VALUE SCHEDULE.

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S

SAGITTAL PLANE - An imaginary longitudinal vertical plane that divides the mouth into two halves (left and right.)

SCALING -  scraping of the tooth above the gums.

SEALANTS - the application  of a clear resin over the biting surfaces of teeth to prevent decay.

SECONDARY PLAN - when a patient is insured by two plans, the plan that is billed second is the secondary plan.

SIGNATURE ON FILE -  the insured person signs a form stating that the payments made by the carrier go to the dentist. This form expires 1 year from the date it is signed.

SINGLE FILM - see PERIAPICAL.

SLOUGHING - a  condition in which the gingival tissue deadens and peels away from the living tissue.

SOCKET - a cavity in the bone, see ALVEOLUS.

SOFT PALATE - the back 1/3 of the roof of the mouth composed of  soft tissue.

SOMATIC - nerves that supply muscles.

SONICARE - electric toothbrush. Vibrates at over 31,000 brush strokes per minute.  Most models offer a 3 - minute timer to let you know when you?re done.

SPACE MAINTAINERr - A dental appliance used to maintain space in the mouth.

SPILLWAY - see EMBRASURE.

STAIN, EXTRINSIC - stain  located on the outside of the tooth surface originating from external substances such as tobacco, coffee, tea or food; usually removed by polishing the teeth with an abrasive prophylaxis paste.

STAIN, INTRINSIC - stain  originating from the ingestion of certain materials or chemical substances during tooth development, or from the presence of caries. This stain is  permanent and cannot be removed.

SUBMUCOSA - the layer of tissue  under the mucous membrane.

SUCCEDANEOUS - a tooth that replaces  or succeeds another.

SULCUS - a broad depression on the chewing  surfaces of your back teeth.

SUPERGINGIVAL - the area above the gingival margin.

SUPERNUMERARY TEETH - Extra teeth, in addition to the development of the normal 32.

SURGICAL TEMPLATE - a clear tray used in immediate denture fabrication.

SUTURE - a joining of two bones, also stitxhes.

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T

TARTAR -  see CALCULUS.

TEETHING - baby teeth pushing through gums.

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) - temporo (temporal bone), mandibular (lower jaw). This is the connecting hinge between the lower jaw and  base of the skull. Also known as T.M.J.. T.M.J. treatment is sometimes paid under medical.

TERMINAL MESIAL STEP - the position of a vertical plane along the distal surfaces when the deciduous second molars are in Class I position.

TERMINAL PLANE - the distal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular deciduous second molars that are on the same line or plane.

THIRD MOLAR - see WISDOM TOOTH.

TMD -  temporomandibular disorder; a problem with the joint that connects the lower jaw  with the skull. Typically associated with a pop and pain in the joint.

TOPICAL - applied directly to an infected area for treatment.

TRANSVERSE RIDGE - a linear elevation that crosses a surface  (usually the occlusal surface).

TRIANGULAR RIDGE - a linear elevation that forms a triangle.

TRIFURCATION - forked or divided  into three parts.

TUBERCLE - a small, rounded projection.

TUBEROSITY - a large, rounded projection.

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U

ULTRASONIC - the conversion of high frequency electrical current into mechanical  vibrations.

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS - These precautions require all dental staff involved in patient care to use appropriate protective wear, such as gloves, masks and eyewear. After each patient visit, the gloves must be discarded, hands washed and a new pair of gloves donned for the next patient. These precautions are considered universal because they are used for each and every patient to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.

USUAL, CUSTOMARY AND REASONABLE (UCR) - the doctor's fee is considered usual, customary, and reasonable if it meets the following  requirements: 1. Usual: the doctor's usual fee is charged; 2. Customary: if the doctor's fee falls in the same range as other dentists in the area; 3. Reasonable: the doctor's modified fee is justified because of special  circumstances.

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V

VENTRAL -  the underside, used when speaking of the tongue; thus the ventral surface of the  tongue is the underside of the tongue.

VERMILION - red.

VIRGIN TEETH - teeth that are free from decay or restorations.

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W

WAIVER OF  DEDUCTIBLE - under some policies certain procedures are excluded from the deductible.

WISDOM TOOTH - the third molar; the eighth tooth from the center of mouth.

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X

XEROSTOMIA - dryness of the mouth.

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Y

No Terms Available

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Z

No Terms Available

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